Spoštovani!
Za vas smo po javni razpravi “UTD – pomisleki in izzivi”, ki se je odvijala v torek, 21.2.2017 v Ljubljani z gosti, priznanimi slovenskimi intelektualci (dr. Urban Boljka, Bernard Brščič, Branko Gerlič, Rok Kralj, Sebastjan Pikl), pripravili kratek povzetek vsebine razprave in nekaj sklepnih misli, priložili pa še seznam literature, ki bo zainteresiranim lahko v veliko pomoč pri raziskovanju UTD v nadaljevanju.
Celotno javno razpravo si lahko tudi ogledate, posnetek je na voljo na tej povezavi, lahko si ga ogledate tudi na dnu prispevka, pred navedeno literaturo in viri.
Za vas piše
mag. Miša Gams
Gostje javne razprave o UTD, ki je potekala 21.2.2017 v dvorani Doma sindikatov, so se načeloma strinjali, da bi moral biti UTD dovolj visok, da bi vsakemu državljanu zagotavljal preživetje in dostojno življenje. Branko Gerlič je pri tem omenil, da bi bil UTD lahko vezan na življenjsko košarico, katere višina se od države do države razlikuje glede na posebne statistične analize.
Implementacija UTD bi morala potekati tako na globalni oz. evropski ravni (splošni evropski temeljni dohodek, ki bi se financiral z razdelitvijo sredstev Evropske centralne banke ali s pomočjo Tobinovega davka tj. davka na finančne transakcije), kot na državni in lokalni ravni (UTD s pomočjo davka na onesnaževanje okolja, izčrpavanje naravnih bogastev, zaposlitvene rente itd.).
Sebastjan Pikl in dr. Urban Boljka se strinjata, da bi bili do UTD v prvi fazi lahko upravičeni otroci (univerzalni otroški dodatek), pri tem pa slednji ugotavlja, da bi v Sloveniji najlažje vpeljali UTD po zgledu Atkinsonovega participacijskega dohodka, ki ohranja princip pogojenosti (UTD za aktivne člane skupnosti, prostovoljce, humanitarce, oskrbovalce starejših itd.).
Bernard Brščič po drugi strani zatrjuje, da bomo uvedbo UTD morali upravičiti z vidika politične filozofije, saj moralne argumente t.i. “parazitizma” (“Kdor ne dela, naj ne je”) ne moremo kar z levo roko pomesti pod preprogo. V sprostitvi trga dela in opolnomočenju brezposelnih, ki želijo delati, a so za delo prikrajšani, vidi bolj optimalno rešitev kot jo prinaša uvedba UTD.
Razprava se je nadaljevala z razglabljanjem o vidikih plačanega in neplačanega dela. Govorci so se strinjali, da civilizacijo poganja naprej neplačano delo, ki ga v veliki meri opravljajo gospodinje in prostovoljci, katerim bi UTD olajšal vsakdanji boj za preživetje, opravilom kot sta čiščenje in nega pa povrnil ugled.
Gerlič je med drugim poudaril prikrajšanost prekarnih delavcev za dostojno delo in plačilo – UTD bi jim omogočil boljše pogajalske predispozicije in jim dal možnost, da zavrnejo pod plačano in nedostojno delo.
Pikl je zatrdil, da bi si bilo potrebno zastaviti vprašanje ali delo še osmišlja naša življenja in omenil zaposlitveno rento kot eno od najbolj smiselnih virov za pridobitev UTD v slovenskem prostoru.
Kralj je končal razpravo z ugotovitvijo, da bi UTD moral predstavljati le korak k zagotavljanju bolj pravične družbe in izrazil strah, da bi brez simultanega obrata iz prevladujočega ekonomskega neoliberalnega modela v ekonomijo medsebojnega povezovanja in delitve, UTD sam po sebi bil precej nesmiseln ali pa celo nevaren, če bi z njim vladajoča elita navrgla drobtinice ljudem in za njihovimi hrbti nadaljevala s kopičenjem bogastva in privatizacijo javnih dobrin.
Pri tem pa se vsi skupaj lahko vprašamo ali smo kot družba dovolj zreli za miselni preskok, ki bi ga zahtevala uvedba univerzalnega temeljnega dohodka, saj le-ta pomeni, da bi morali ideologije 20. stoletja in razprtije med levimi in desnimi političnimi opcijami dokončno (o)pustiti na smetišču zgodovine in začeti graditi družbo na povsem drugačnih temeljih.
Slovenske raziskave na temo UTD:
Valerija Korošec: Predlog UTD v Sloveniji-zakaj in kako?
Zbornik Brezplačno kosilo za vse?, založba Krtina, 2004, Ljubljana
Sebastjan Pikl: Prihodnost dela: Temeljni dohodek kot predlog reforme socialne države
Urban Boljka: Univerzalni temeljni dohodek – meje in možnosti njegove implementacije
Druga literatura in elektronski viri na temo UTD (prirejeno na podlagi seznama literature v doktorski nalogi dr. Urbana Boljke):
- Beck, Ulrich. 2000. The Brave New World of Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Beck, Ulrich. 1999. On Insecurity and Re-defining Work. The Jobs Letter No.102 / 30 (junij 1999). Dostopno prek: http://www.jobsletter.org.nz/jbl10211.htm (4. 1. 2008).
- Berlin, Isaija. 1978. Četiri ogleda o slobodi. Libertas.
- Bertram, Chris. 1997. The Need for Basic Income. Intervju z Van Parijsom. Imprints, vol. 1, no. 3 (marec 1997). Dostopno prek: http://eis.bris.ac.uk/~plcdib/imprints/vanparijsinterview.html (9. 3. 2009).
- Elgarte, Julieta M.. 2006. Good for women? Advantages and risks of a basic income from a gender perspective. XI BIEN kongres, University of Cape Town, 2.–4. november 2006. Dostopno prek: http://www.epri.org.za/JulietaElgartefullpaper.pdf (21. 3. 2006).
- Friedman, Milton in Friedman, Rose D.. 1980. Free to Choose. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
- Goldsmith, Scott. 2002. The Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend: An Experiment in Wealth Distribution. 9. BIEN kongres. 12.–14. september. Dostopno prek: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/download/docs/gold.pdf (10. 6. 2010).
- Gorz, Andre. 1999. Reclaiming Work: Beyond the Wage-Based Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Groot, L. F. M. 2004. Why Launch a Basic Income Experiment? Proposal for a Design of a New Experiment. BIEN. Dostopno prek: http://www.basicincome.org/bien/pdf/2004Groot.pdf (5. 7. 2010).
- Harris, Robert. 2000. The Guaranteed Income Movement of the 1960s and 1970s. USBIG Discussion Paper No. 1, maj 2000. Dostopno prek: www.usbig.net/papers/001-Harris.doc (5. 7. 2010).
- Höglund, Mats. 2000. Reflections about the basic incomedebate from a Swedish perspective. BIEN. Dostopno prek: http://www.basicincome.org/bien/pdf/2000Hoglund.pdf (14. 7. 2010).
- Hort, Sven E. O.. 2009. The Swedish welfare state: a model in constant flux?. V The Handbook of European Welfare systems, ur. Schubert, Klaus, Hegelich, Simon in Bazant, Ursula, 428–443. Routledge. New York.
- Janson, Per. 2000. Basic income and the Swedish welfare state. BIEN. Dostopno prek: http://www.etes.ucl.ac.be/bien/Archive/Congress/Berlin2000.htm (17. 6. 2006).
- Kipping, Katja. 2008. Moving to Basic Income (BI) – A left-wing political perspective. Govor na 12. kongresu BIEN, Dublin 2008. Dostopno prek: www.basicincome.org/bien/pdf/dublin08/plenary2speaker2kipping.rtf (9. 7. 2010).
- Manning, Lowell. 1997. Development of basic income as a response to changes in work, poverty, and the break up of the welfare state: Comprising a brief summary of a thesis by Walter Van Trier “Everyone a king”. Conference: Work, Families and the State: Problems and Possibilities for the 21st Century. New Zealand. Dostopno prek: http://www.reocities.com/ubinz/LowellManning.html (2. 4. 2008).
- McKay, Ailsa. 2007. Why a citizens’ basic income? A question of gender equality or gender bias. Work, employment and society 21(2): 337–348.
- Muñoz, Christian P. 2006. Examining the Universal Basic Income proposal through the capabilities approach. Which is the role of the education in this distributive plan?. Annual Meeting of the Human Development and Capability Association, Groningen, Netherlands, 29 August – 1 September 2006. Dostopno prek: http://www.hd-ca.org/pubs/2_3_Perez.pdf (8. 8. 2010).
- Offe, Claus. 2000. Pathways from Here. A response to »A Basic Income for All« by Philippe van Parijs. Boston Review, oktober/november 2000. Dostopno prek: http://bostonreview.net/BR25.5/offe.html (21. 4. 2007).
- Offe, Claus. 1997. Towards a New Equilibrium of Citizens’ Rights and Economic Resources? V Societal Cohesion and the Globalising Economy (OECD). 81–108. Dostopno prek: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/24/35391763.pdf (25. 6. 2006).
- Offe, Claus. 1985. Disorganized capitalism: contemporary transformations of work and politics, ur. Keane, John, Cambridge: Polity.
- Opielka, Michael. 2008. The likelihood of a basic income in Germany. International Social Security Review, Vol. 61, 3/2008: 73–94.
- Opielka, Michael. 2007. The Feasibility of a Basic Income. The Social Contract Revisited. The Foundation for Law, Justice and Society in collaboration with The Robeyns, Ingrid. 2008. Introduction: Revisiting the Feminism and Basic Income Debate, Basic Income Studies. An International Journal of Basic Income Research, Vol. 3. Issue. 3., Article 3. Dostopno prek: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol3/iss3/art3 (15.3.2009).
- Robeyns, Ingrid. 2000. Hush Money or Emancipation Fee? A Gender Analysis of Basic Income. V Basic Income on the Agenda. Policy Objectives and Political Chances, 136. van der Veen, Robert in Groot, Loek, 121–136. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
- Robeyns, Ingrid. 1998. An emancipation fee or hush money? The advantages and disadvantages of a basic income for women’s emancipation and well-being. BIEN. Dostopno prek: http://www.etes.ucl.ac.be/bien/Archive/Congress/Amsterdam1998.htm (17. 6.2006).
- Saunders, Peter. 1995. Conditionality and Transition as Issues in the Basic Income Debate. V Income Support in an Open Economy: Basic Income Revisited. 51–62. Melbourne: Victoria Council of Social Service.
- Standing, Guy. 1992: The Need for New Social Consenzus. V Arguing for Basic Income, ur. Van Parijs, Philippe, 47–60. London: Verso.
- Trampuš, Jure. 2007. Dr. Philippe Van Parijs, filozof in politični ekonomis. Intervju z Van Parijsom. Mladina (21). Dostopno prek: http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200721/clanek/nar-intervju–jure_trampus/ (21.10.2008).
- Van Der Veen, Robert. 1998. Real Freedom versus Reciprocity: Competing Views on the Justice of Unconditional Basic Income. Political Studies (1998) XLVI. 140–163.
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 2003. Difference Principle. V The Cambridge Companion to Rawls, ur. Freeman, S., 200–240. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.250
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 2003a. Hybrid Justice, Patriotism and Democracy. A Selective Reply. V Real Libertarianism Assessed. Political Theory after Van Parijs, ur. Reeve, Andrew in Williams, Andrew, 201–216. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 2001. A Basic Income for All. V What’s Wrong with a Free Lunch? ur. Cohen, Joshua in Rogers, Joel. 3–26. Boston: Beacon Press.
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 1999. Fairness. Boston Review 1998/99. Dostopno prek: http://bostonreview.net/BR23.6/vanparjis.html (13. 4. 2007).
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 1997. Reciprocity and the Justification of an Unconditional Basic Income. Reply to Stuart White. Political Studies 45, (1997), 327–330. Dostopno prek: http://www.uclouvain.be/cps/ucl/doc/etes/documents/1997w_Reciprocity.pdf (7.5.2009)
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 1995. Real Freedom for All. What (if anything) Can Justify Capitalism? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 1992. Basic Income Capitalism. Ethics Vol. 102, No. 3 (april 1992), 465–484. The University of Chicago Press. Dostopno prek: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381835 (22. 7. 2008).
- Van Parijs, Philippe. 1991. Why Surfers Should Be Fed: The Liberal Case for an Unconditional Basic Income. Philosophy and Public Affairs 20 (1991). 101–131. Dostopno prek:http://www.jstor.org.nukweb.nuk.uni-lj.si/stable/pdfplus/2265291.pdf?acceptTC=true (7. 5. 2009).
- Wallerstein, Immanuel 1979: The Capitalist World-Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- White, Stuart (2006): Reconsidering the Exploitation Objection to Basic Income. Basic Income Studies. An International Journal of Basic Income Research. Vol. 1, Issue 2, Dostopno prek: http://www.bepress.com/bis/vol1/iss2/art4 (30. 5. 2009).
- White, Stuart. 1997. Liberal Equality, Exploitation, and the Case for an Unconditional Basic Income. Political Studies 45 (2), 312–326.
- Widerquist, Karl. 2004. Review of The Civic Minimum: On the Rights and Obligations of Economic Citizenship. Citizen’s Income Newsletter. Issue 1. 2004.
- Widerquist, Karl. 2002. A Failure to Communicate: The Labour Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and Their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion. 9. BIEN kongres. 12.–14. september. Dostopno prek: http://www.basicincome.org/bien/pdf/2002Widerquist.pdf (5. 7. 2010).
- Widerquist, Karl. 2001. Perspectives on the Guaranteed Income, Part I. Review Article. Journal of Economic Issues Vol. No. 3 September (2001), 749–757. Dostopno prek: http://www.jstor.org.nukweb.nuk.uni-
- lj.si/stable/pdfplus/4227701.pdf?acceptTC=true (26. 8. 2009).
- Widerquist, Karl. 1999. Reciprocity and the Guaranteed Income. Politics and Society 27(3): 387–402.
- Yamamori, Toru. 2004. Basic Income and Capability Approach: On Recognition and Deconstruction for Difference. BIEN 10. Kongres, 19–20 September (2004).Barcelona. Dostopno prek: http://www.basicincome.org/bien/pdf/2004Yamamori.pdf (7. 7. 2009).
- Zelleke, Almaz. 2007. Is ‘The Plan’ a Basic Income? An Assessment of Charles Murray’s Proposal to Replace the Welfare State with an (Almost) Universal Grant. 6. USBIG Kongres 23. 2 – 25. 2. 2007, New York City.
- Zelleke, Almaz. 2005. Basic income in the United States: Redefining citizenship in the liberal state. V The ethics and economics of the basic income guarantee, ur. Zelleke, Almaz. 2005. Distributive justice and the argument for an unconditional basic income. The Journal of Socio-Economics 34 (2005) 3–15. Brooklyn, NY.
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